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Sir Walter fitz Gilbert of Cadzow,
1st Laird of Cadzow (d. c. 1346) was a Scottish nobleman. The son
of Gilbert fitz William of Hameldone, and an unknown wife, possibly
Isabelle Randolph. He is the first historically confirmed progenitor of
the House of Hamilton, which includes the Dukes of Hamilton, Dukes of
Abercorn and Earls of Haddington.
Umfraville or Beaumont?
There is some confusion as to the ancestry of his grandfather William
de Hameldone, who could, it has been argued, be descended from the
Umfraville family of Northumberland, or the Beaumont Earls of Leicester.
Both assertions are based on armorial evidence (both families
used Cinquefoils in their arms), and references to various Hamilton
place-names in Northumberland and Leicestershire. The Leicester
connection is considered more likely as Robert de Beaumont, 3rd Earl of
Leicester is known to have had a son William.
[edit]Documentary evidence
Walter fitz Gilbert first appears as a witness to a charter of James
Stewart, 5th High Steward of Scotland granting land to the monks
of Paisley Abbey in 1294, and also later in the year in another granting
land to the same establishment by Sir Herbert Maxwell. The other
signatories were all minor landowners in Renfrewshire.[ 1] Fitz
Gilbert was present at Berwick Castle to sign the Ragman Roll,
alongside the majority of other Scots Nobility, at the behest of Edward I
of England. He is styled on that document as "Walter fiz Gilbert de
Hameldone".[ 2]
The arms of fitz Gilbert are represented on the Bute Mazer, a drinking
cup exhibited in the National Museum of Scotland, that been dated to
soon after Bannockburn, and was possibly commissioned by him.
[edit]Wars of Scottish Independence
During the risings of William Wallace, and later Robert the Bruce,
Walter fitz Gilbert remained loyal to the English party, holding lands
in Fife of King Edward.[3]
By 1314 he was constable of Bothwell Castle in South Lanarkshire.
Following the defeat of Edward II of England at the Battle of
Bannockburn, numerous fleeing English noblemen sought refuge there,
including theEarl of Hertford. A detachment of the Scots army, under
King Robert's brother Edward Bruce arrived at Bothwell and demanded that
the castle and its occupants yield, Fitz Gilbert complied and
surrendered the castle and left Hertford and his retinue to their fate.[4]
[edit]Later life
Joining the Bruce party, Walter fitz Gilbert was granted lands
of Dalserf, previously owned by the Comyn faction, and was later
rewarded with the barony of Cadzow and Cadzow Castle on the banks of
the Clyde. He was a Justice of Lanark in 1321, and was knighted the
following year. In 1323 he wa granted the lands
of Kinneil, Larbert and Auldcathy in present day West Lothian,
and Kirkcowan in Wigtownshire. [4]
Walter fitz Gilbert was present at the Battle of Halidon Hill in 1333,
fighting in the division of the High Steward, (later Robert II of
Scotland), but is thought to have escaped the carnage there. There is
little else heard of him. He died prior to 1346, when his son David
fought at the Battle of Neville's Cross as Laird of Cadzow.[5]
[edit]Marriage and Issue
Walter fitz Gilbert married Mary Gordon, daughter of Sir Adam Gordon of
that Ilk, ancestor of the Earls of Huntly.By her he had two sons:[4]
- David fitz Walter of Cadzow, Ancestor of the Dukes of Hamilton and Dukes of Abercorn
- John fitz Walter, Ancestor of the Earls of Haddington and the Hamiltons of Innerwick
Preceded by
New creationBaron of Cadzowc.1315/1320–c.1346Succeeded by
David fitz Walter [edit]References [edit]Notes
- ^ Scots Peerage Vol. IV p 340
- ^ ibidem
- ^ Scots Peerage Vol. IV p 341
- ^ a b c ibidem
- ^ Scots Peerage Vol. IV p 342
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